This week I’m attending an HP training in Milan.

The course topics aren’t as challenging as I’ve expected but I had the opportunity to test focus on some interoperability problems that may occur in mixed environments, especially with Cisco and non-Cisco devices, like PVST.

For this post we use 2 switches, a Cisco and a non Cisco (HP in this case), the topology is simple:

CISCO port g1/0/3 --> HP port 13

On the Cisco switch we enable PVST:

spanning-tree mode pvst

We have MST enabled on HP switch, all VLANS mapped to the default instance.

CASE 1 - NO VLAN 1 ALLOWED ON CISCO

Trunk enabled between the switches, only VLAN 50 tagged is allowed:

Cisco port config:

interface GigabitEthernet1/0/3
	switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
	switchport trunk allowed vlan 50
	switchport mode trunk
end

! NOTICE THAT VLAN 1 IS NOT ALLOWED

HP port config:

HP-F# sh vlans ports 13 detail

Status and Counters - VLAN Information - for ports 13

VLAN ID Name | Status Voice Jumbo Mode
------- -------------------- + ---------- ----- ----- --------
50 **VLAN50** | Port-based No No **Tagged**

What the Cisco switch sends in VLAN 50:

Condition 1: interface Gi1/0/3 (1 flags triggered)

Flags: Gi1/0/3
Condition 2: vlan 50 (1 flags triggered)
Flags: 50

Launch the debug:

Cisco-B#deb spanning-tree all

See what happens for VLAN 50:

*Mar 1 22:54:51.102: STP: opt: **VLAN0050**: get ports: chunk 0 allocated
*Mar 1 22:54:51.102: STP SW: TX: opt: VLAN50: bpdu cnt 1, chunk 0
*Mar 1 22:54:51.102: STP SW: TX: opt: VLAN50: ieee chunk 1, sstp chunk 2
*Mar 1 22:54:51.102: STP SW: TX: opt: VLAN50: ieee port count 0, sstp port count 1
*Mar 1 22:54:51.102: optimized sstp bpdus to be sent on chunk 2
*Mar 1 22:54:51.102: idb GigabitEthernet1/0/3, vlan 50
*Mar 1 22:54:51.102: STP: opt: VLAN0050: freeing opt chunk 0
*Mar 1 22:54:51.102

Let’s move the conditions to VLAN 1 and re-enable debug:

Cisco-B#no debug condition all
Cisco-B#debug condition interface g1/0/3
Cisco-B#debug condition vlan 1
Cisco-B#debug spanning-tree all

Check the output debug:

*Mar 1 23:03:13.865: STP SW: RX ISR: **0180.c200.0000**<-68b5.990f.5eb3 type/len 0026
*Mar 1 23:03:13.865: **encap SAP linktype ieee-st vlan 1** len 60 on v1 Gi1/0/3
*Mar 1 23:03:13.865: 42 42 03 SPAN
*Mar 1 23:03:13.865: CFG P:0000 V:00 T:00 F:00 R:8000 68b5.990f.5e80 00000000
*Mar 1 23:03:13.865: B:8000 68b5.990f.5e80 80.0D A:0000 M:1400 H:0200 F:0F00
*Mar 1 23:03:13.865: STP SW: PROC RX: 0180.c200.0000<-68b5.990f.5eb3 type/len0026
*Mar 1 23:03:13.865: encap SAP linktype ieee-st vlan 1 len 60 on v1 Gi1/0/3
*Mar 1 23:03:13.865: 42 42 03 SPAN
*Mar 1 23:03:13.865: CFG P:0000 V:00 T:00 F:00 R:8000 68b5.990f.5e80 00000000
*Mar 1 23:03:13.865: B:8000 68b5.990f.5e80 80.0D A:0000 M:1400 H:0200 F:0F00

What is this MAC address: 01:80:C2:00:00:00 ? It’s the MAC address used for sending BPDUs, check this LINK  on IEEE.

So what’s happening? The Cisco switch is sending STP BPDU’s untagged in VLAN 1 (even if VLAN 1 is not allowed on the trunk) and PVST BPDUs in VLAN 50.

What happens on HP side? Since HP switch is not listening for untagged packets on the port and receives only PVST BPDUs on VLAN 50, the two STP are not communicating and each switch think it is the root:

HP-F# sh spanning-tree

Multiple Spanning Tree (MST) Information

STP Enabled : Yes
Force Version : MSTP-operation
IST Mapped VLANs : 1-4094
Switch MAC Address : 68b599-0f5e80
Switch Priority : 32768
Max Age : 20
Max Hops : 20
Forward Delay : 15

Topology Change Count : 7
Time Since Last Change : 4 hours

CST Root MAC Address : 68b599-0f5e80
CST Root Priority : 32768
CST Root Path Cost : 0
CST Root Port : **This switch is root**

The Cisco switch:

Cisco-B#sh spanning-tree

VLAN0050
Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee
Root ID Priority 4146
Address 0012.dae0.fe80
**This bridge is the root**
Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec

Bridge ID Priority 4146 (priority 4096 sys-id-ext 50)
Address 0012.dae0.fe80
Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec
Aging Time 300 sec

Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type
------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------
Gi1/0/3 Desg FWD 4 128.3 P2p

How can we make it work?

The first option is to allow VLAN 1 untagged on HP side. Can this be enough?

HP-F# sh vlans ports 13 detail

Status and Counters - VLAN Information - for ports 13

VLAN ID Name | Status Voice Jumbo Mode
------- -------------------- + ---------- ----- ----- --------
**1** DEFAULT_VLAN | Port-based No No **Untagged**
50 VLAN50 | Port-based No No Tagged

Let’s check STP on HP switch:

HP-F# sh spanning-tree

Multiple Spanning Tree (MST) Information

STP Enabled : Yes
Force Version : MSTP-operation
IST Mapped VLANs : 1-4094
Switch MAC Address : 68b599-0f5e80
Switch Priority : 32768
Max Age : 20
Max Hops : 20
Forward Delay : 15

Topology Change Count : 7
Time Since Last Change : 4 hours

CST Root MAC Address : 68b599-0f5e80
CST Root Priority : 32768
CST Root Path Cost : 0
CST Root Port : **This switch is root**

Nothing changed. Let’s explicitly allow VLAN 1 on the Cisco side of the trunk:

Cisco-B(config)#inte g1/0/3
Cisco-B(config-if)#**switchport trunk allowed vlan add 1**
*Mar 1 23:42:50.987: set portid: VLAN0001 Gi1/0/3: new port id 8003
*Mar 1 23:42:50.987: STP: VLAN0001 Gi1/0/3 -> listening
*Mar 1 23:42:51.876: STP: VLAN0001 heard root 32768-68b5.990f.5e80 on Gi1/0/3
*Mar 1 23:42:51.884: STP: VLAN0001 Topology Change rcvd on Gi1/0/3
Cisco-B(config-if)#
*Mar 1 23:43:05.994: STP: VLAN0001 Gi1/0/3 -> learning
Cisco-B(config-if)#
*Mar 1 23:43:21.001: STP[1]: Generating TC trap for port GigabitEthernet1/0/3
*Mar 1 23:43:21.001: STP: VLAN0001 Gi1/0/3 -> forwarding

Check again HP switch:

HP-F# sh spanning-tree

Multiple Spanning Tree (MST) Information

STP Enabled : Yes
Force Version : MSTP-operation
IST Mapped VLANs : 1-4094
Switch MAC Address : 68b599-0f5e80
Switch Priority : 32768
Max Age : 20
Max Hops : 20
Forward Delay : 15

Topology Change Count : 7
Time Since Last Change : 4 hours

CST Root MAC Address : **0012da-e0fe80**
CST Root Priority : **4097**
CST Root Path Cost : 20000
CST Root Port : 13

Now it works, the two switches have seen each other and Cisco is STP ROOT since it has priority 4096.

CASE 2 - NATIVE/UNTAGGED VLAN IS NOT 1

We try now the same test but setting VLAN 20 as native on Cisco and untagged VLAN on HP:

interface GigabitEthernet1/0/3
	! CISCO
	switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
	**switchport trunk native vlan 20**
	switchport trunk allowed vlan 20,50
	switchport mode trunk
end

HP

HP-F# sh vlan port 13 det

Status and Counters - VLAN Information - for ports 13

VLAN ID Name | Status Voice Jumbo Mode
------- -------------------- + ---------- ----- ----- --------
**20** VLAN20 | Port-based No No **Untagged**
**50** VLAN50 | Port-based No No **Tagged**

Let’s see STP on HP:

HP-F# sh spanning-tree

Multiple Spanning Tree (MST) Information

STP Enabled : Yes
Force Version : MSTP-operation
IST Mapped VLANs : 1-4094
Switch MAC Address : 68b599-0f5e80
Switch Priority : 32768
Max Age : 20
Max Hops : 20
Forward Delay : 15

Topology Change Count : 7
Time Since Last Change : 4 hours

CST Root MAC Address : 68b599-0f5e80
CST Root Priority : 32768
CST Root Path Cost : 0
CST Root Port : **This switch is root**

HP is root. The reason is the Cisco switch sends STP BPDUs on native VLAN only if the native is VLAN ID 1, if any other VLAN is native it generates PVST BPDUs that are not understood by HP switch.

CONCLUSION

In a mixed environment the best choice may be to use a standard STP version on all devices like MSTP. If you choose to run PVST on Cisco devices and STP/MSTP on other vendor devices be aware of what problems may occur.

Notice that some devices (like HP A-Series, former 3COM) run pre-stantard MST, you may get this error message that provides a hint to fix the problem:

%SPANTREE-3-PRESTD_NEIGH: pre-standard MST interaction not configured (Port-channel1). Please, configure: 'spanning-tree mst pre-standard' on ports connected to MST pre-standard switches.

Cisco provides a Configuration example to migrate Spanning Tree from PVST+ to MST

Let me know if you find any imprecision/error/unclear part on the post I’ll keep it updated.

THE NETWORK GEEK NOTES

In Cisco learning network there’s an interesting post from Scott Morris HERE :

That’s a good breakdown for it, but keep in mind that these “enhancement” were a pissing contest between Cisco and IEEE. For a long time, IEEE believed there should be one common spanning tree (CST) and obviously Cisco had come out with ISL trunking and PVST allowing for multiple instances. When the 802.1Q standard was derived, they mandated a single spanning tree, which if you followed the spec would **** the operation of PVST.  So Cisco “improvised” by merely changing the destination address to a different L2 multicast address. The good thing about that is that in case you had a mixed environment, now any non-Cisco switch receiving a PVST+ BPDU would simply flood it out all available ports for that vlan instead of killing it if it were using the original IEEE multicast address and not in the native vlan. Sometimes the history of “why” makes it easier to remember the details of “how”.  So PVST doesn’t “not support” 802.1Q, it’s the 802.1Q won’t support PVST. Scott

LINKS

Radja Perlman talking about the creation of STP in the Network Collective Podcast

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